{"id":29,"date":"2017-03-16T11:24:22","date_gmt":"2017-03-16T11:24:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/croelite.ffzg.unizg.hr\/?p=29"},"modified":"2017-03-16T11:28:18","modified_gmt":"2017-03-16T11:28:18","slug":"about-the-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/croelite.ffzg.unizg.hr\/?p=29","title":{"rendered":"About the project"},"content":{"rendered":"

The aim of this fundamental research project<\/strong> is to analyse various segments of Croatian elites during the last phase of the Habsburg Monarchy and to show their multifacetted transition into the new Yugoslav state. The research will encompass the period from the late 19th century until the 1930s, covering thus two generations, the old one that was in its zenith at the turn of the century, and the new one that rose to prominence on the eve of the First World War. Both states, the old and the new one, were multinational monarchies, yet they were totally different in many respects, even in their very character as monarchies, since the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, had a sovereign \u2013 a king from the Serbian Kara\u0111or\u0111evi\u0107 dynasty, but lacked its own nobility. Even though the new Yugoslav state was multinational as well, it differed from the Habsburg Monarchy, since it was a state of South Slavs (except Bulgarians) with other nationalities reduced to ethnic minorities, some of which were for political reasons considered unreliable or even dangerous (e.g. Germans).
\nThe transition from the Habsburg into the Yugoslav state was strenuous for many members of Croatian elites, since it brought about major changes in political, national, social, economic, cultural, educational and military aspect, to name just the most important ones. Moreover, one has to bear in mind that the fall of the Habsburg Monarchy and the founding of a new Yugoslav state occured as a part of the Entente’s victory in the First World War and subsequently of the new European order established at the peace conference in Versailles in 1919. This had impact on political and national situation, since contrary to Croatia and Slovenia, Serbia gained political and national sway as a member of the victorious coalition.
\nThe context of the transition was very complex and demanding, and it took place on several levels, the national, the Yugoslav and the international, encompassing at the same time all major fields of human activity. It also implied a shift from Central European to Southeastern European orientation, yet in many fields Central European influences were still present. Therefore, the project will focus on careful distinguishing of continuities and discontinuities, in an attempt to produce a wide and balanced picture of what happened to Croatian elites in this transition, both in their public and professional as well as everyday life, since cultural norms and values persist even after the radical political change had occurred, and are to a great extent transmitted within families. Were the elites willing to adapt to the new circumstances, or were they inclined to opposition? What were the impacts of transition on their professional and private life? What were their strategies of staying at top? Did they manage to retain their elite status or were they (gradually or suddenly) replaced by newcomers? If so, upon which criteria or more precisely: was the national and political allegiance a decisive criterion? Was there a discrepancy between their individual opinions as expressed in their letters, diaries, autobiographies etc. and their professional status and public appearances? In what ways has the new orientation on southeastern Europe instead of central Europe, influenced their careers and lives? For example, a big shift of academic centres occurred, since a big portion of the Croatian elites had studied in Vienna or Graz, which was after 1918 no more the case. Did all Serbian members of Croatian elites follow Yugoslav suit, or have some of them retained traits and standpoints stemming from the Habsburg period? These are just some of the questions to be answered.
\nSince the elite i.e. elites is a very vast category, based upon manifold criteria (social, political, national, economic, gender etc.) it would be impossible to cover in detail the transition of all its members. Since general political and national issues have been the subject of a number of works of Croatian, Slovenian, Serbian etc. as well as European historiography, the project will focus primarily on other aspects, namely cultural, educational, economic, social, gender and scientific. Of course this does not mean that the national and political agenda will be left aside. It will be shown on one hand in a meta-analysis based upon literature, on the other hand in case studies dealing with certain elite groups like for example former bureaucrats and officials such as county prefects (\u201eveliki \u017eupani\u201c).
\nThe project team will research the nobility, the businessmen, intellectual elite (university professors, politicians, doctors of medicine, lawyers) administrative elite and renown women. Apart from individual elite members, various organizations (e.g. Matica hrvatska), institutions (Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, the Zagreb University, chambers of commerce\u2026), associations (professional, women’s etc.), exibitions and fairs (the Zagreb Fair), celebrations (e.g. the 1000 years of Croatian Kingdom) as well as the press will be researched. Needless to say, comparisons will be drawn, especially with the Slovenian elites. The transition of the Slovenian and Croatian business elite as well as the nobility will be thoroughly compared, with a tendency to further widen the scope of the project by drawing general comparisons with the elites of the other parts of the Habsburg Monarchy, most of all in the Czech lands.
\nTherefore the project should compare the mechanisms of regrutation of elites in the last phase of the Habsburg state and the first phase of the Yugoslav one, showing (in)congruencies between inherited structures, influences and a way of life with newly established political realities.<\/p>\n

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Cilj ovog fundamentalnog istra\u017eiva\u010dkog projekta<\/strong> je analizirati razli\u010dite segmente hrvatske elite tijekom posljednje faze postojanja Habsbur\u0161ke Monarhije te prikazati njihovu vi\u0161estranu tranziciju u novu jugoslavensku dr\u017eavu u razdoblju od po\u010detka 20. st. do 1930-ih. Projekt \u0107e zaokru\u017eiti razdoblje od kasnog 19. stolje\u0107a do tridesetih godina dvadesetog stolje\u0107a, obuhvativ\u0161i tako dvije generacije, staru koja je bila na zenitu na prijelazu stolje\u0107a i novu koja postaje zna\u010dajna uo\u010di Prvog svjetskog rata. I stara i nova dr\u017eava bile su vi\u0161enacionalne monarhije, ali su se u mnogim aspektima znatno razlikovale. Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca imala je monarha \u2013 kralja iz dinastije Kara\u0111or\u0111evi\u0107, ali nije imala svoje plemstvo. Iako je nova jugoslavenska dr\u017eava tako\u0111er bila vi\u0161enacionalna, ona se bitno razlikovala od Habsbur\u0161ke Monarhije jer su njeno ve\u0107insko stanovni\u0161tvo \u010dinili ju\u017eni Slaveni (izuzev Bugara), dok su drugi narodi svedeni na etni\u010dke manjine, od kojih su neke smatrane nepouzdanima ili \u010dak opasnima (npr. Nijemci).<\/p>\n

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Tranzicija iz habsbur\u0161ke u jugoslavensku dr\u017eavu bila je za mnoge pripadnike hrvatskih elita te\u0161ka jer su njome, izme\u0111u ostalog, uvedene velike promjene u politi\u010dkom, nacionalnom, dru\u0161tvenom, gospodarskom, kulturnom, obrazovnom i vojnom aspektu. \u0160tovi\u0161e, valja imati na umu da su pad Habsbur\u0161ke Monarhije i osnivanje nove jugoslavenske dr\u017eave povezani s pobjedom Antante u Prvom svjetskom ratu i uspostavom novog europskog poretka nakon mirovne konferencije u Versaju 1919. godine. \u010cinjenica da je Srbija, za razliku od Hrvatske i Slovenije, bila na pobjedni\u010dkoj strani u ratu odrazila se na politi\u010dku i nacionalnu situaciju u dr\u017eavi.<\/p>\n

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Kontekst tranzicije, koja je istovremeno obuhva\u0107ala sva polja ljudske aktivnosti, bio je vrlo slo\u017een i zahtjevan, te se odvijao na nekoliko razina \u2013 nacionalnoj, jugoslavenskoj i me\u0111unarodnoj. Njena posljedica bio je i pomak vanjskopoliti\u010dke orijentacije dr\u017eave sa sredi\u0161nje na jugoisto\u010dnu Europu, iako su srednjoeuropski utjecaji jo\u0161 uvijek bili prisutni na mnogim poljima. \u017dari\u0161te projekta bit \u0107e na pomnom razlikovanju kontinuiteta i diskontinuiteta u svrhu stvaranja \u0161iroke i uravnote\u017eene slike o hrvatskim elitama tijekom spomenute tranzicije, pri \u010demu bi bili obuhva\u0107eni njihov javni i profesionalni kao i svakodnevni \u017eivot, budu\u0107i da kulturne norme pre\u017eivljavaju \u010dak i radikalne politi\u010dke promjene i u velikoj mjeri se prenose unutar obitelji. Jesu li elite bile spremne prilagoditi se novoj situaciji ili su bile sklonije pru\u017eiti otpor? Kako je tranzicija utjecala na njihov profesionalni i privatni \u017eivot? Koje su bile njihove strategije za o\u010duvanje polo\u017eaja na dru\u0161tvenom vrhu? Jesu li uspjele zadr\u017eati svoj elitni status ili su ih (postupno ili naglo) zamijenili novi ljudi? Ako da, prema kojim kriterijima, odnosno jesu li nacionalna i politi\u010dka pripadnost bili odlu\u010duju\u0107i faktori? Postoje li nepodudarnosti izme\u0111u njihovih osobnih stavova iznesenih u pismima, dnevnicima, autobiografijama itd. i njihovog profesionalnog statusa i javnih istupa? Na koji je na\u010din nova orijentacija na jugoisto\u010dnu Europu umjesto na sredi\u0161nju Europu utjecala na njihove karijere i \u017eivote? Na primjer, do\u0161lo je do velikog pomaka akademskih centara jer je prije 1918. velik dio hrvatskih elita poha\u0111ao studije u Be\u010du ili Grazu, \u0161to od tada vi\u0161e nije bio slu\u010daj. Jesu li se svi srpski predstavnici hrvatske elite prilagodili jugoslavenstvu ili su zadr\u017eali svojstva i stajali\u0161ta koja su potjecala iz habsbur\u0161kog perioda? To su samo neka od pitanja na koje treba dati odgovor.<\/p>\n

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Kako su elita, odnosno elite, vrlo \u0161iroka kategorija temeljena na raznovrsnim kriterijima (dru\u0161tvenim, politi\u010dkim, nacionalnim, gospodarskim, rodnim itd.) nije mogu\u0107e detaljno istra\u017eiti tranziciju svih njenih pripadnika. Budu\u0107i da su op\u0107a politi\u010dka i nacionalna pitanja ve\u0107 bila predmet istra\u017eivanja hrvatske, slovenske, srpske itd. kao i europske historiografije, ovaj \u0107e projekt biti prvenstveno usmjeren na druge aspekte \u2013 kulturne, obrazovne, gospodarske, dru\u0161tvene, rodne i znanstvene. To, naravno, ne zna\u010di da \u0107e nacionalna i politi\u010dka problematika biti zanemarena. Ona \u0107e se o\u010ditovati kroz metaanalizu utemeljenu na literaturi te kroz studije-slu\u010dajeve koji se bave odre\u0111enim elitnim grupama kao npr. biv\u0161im birokratima i du\u017enosnicima poput velikih \u017eupana.<\/p>\n

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Projektni \u0107e tim istra\u017eivati plemstvo, privrednu i intelektualnu elitu (sveu\u010dili\u0161ne profesore, politi\u010dare, doktore medicine, odvjetnike), administrativnu elitu i poznate \u017eene. Istra\u017eivanje \u0107e osim pojedinih pripadnika elite obuhvatiti razne organizacije (npr. Maticu hrvatsku), institucije (Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Sveu\u010dili\u0161te u Zagrebu, gospodarske komore), udruge (profesionalne, \u017eena itd.), izlo\u017ebe i sajmove (Zagreba\u010dki velesajam), proslave (tisu\u0107godi\u0161njica Hrvatskog Kraljevstva) i tiskovine. Naravno, napravit \u0107e se usporedbe s drugim elitama, ponajprije onima iz Slovenije. Posebna pozornost pridat \u0107e se usporedbi tranzicije hrvatske i slovenske privredne elite i plemstva, ali \u0107e se obzor projekta nastojati pro\u0161iriti i usporedbama s elitama ostalih dijelova Habsbur\u0161ke Monarhije, poglavito \u010de\u0161kim zemljama.<\/p>\n

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Stoga bi projekt trebao uspore\u0111ivati mehanizme regrutacije elita u zadnjoj fazi habsbur\u0161ke i u prvoj fazi jugoslavenske dr\u017eave, ukazuju\u0107i na (ne)podudarnosti izme\u0111u naslije\u0111enih struktura, utjecaja i na\u010dina \u017eivota s novom politi\u010dkom stvarnosti.<\/p>\n

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The aim of this fundamental research project is to analyse various segments of Croatian elites during the last phase of the Habsburg Monarchy and to show their multifacetted transition into the new Yugoslav state. The research will encompass the period from the late 19th century until the 1930s, covering thus two generations, the old one … <\/p>\n

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